The Duality Of Man By Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde - 1098 Words

The Duality of Man In the classic story of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, a quiet, polite scientist, Dr. Jekyll, creates an elixir that basically allows him to turn into the aggressive and violent man called Mr. Hyde. The main theme seems to repeat itself throughout the entire tale, while it may not be clear to the reader in the beginning, this theme is actually quite easy to understand once it has been discovered. The underlying theme, that Robertson seems to want his reader to take away is this idea of the â€Å"duality of the nature of man†. Robertson looked at man as being made up of two parts, contained in one overall being. The reader can choose for themselves to look at these two parts as either the good and the evil or as man’s primitive, true self and the mask he must wear for society. However this idea of the duality of man is approached, one cannot deny that it seems to be the underlying theme throughout this classic novella. Near the beginning of this piece, Dr. Jekyll states that â€Å"man is not truly one, but truly two,† with each persona placed in the soul. The easiest way to look at this is to think of the metaphorical angel and devil that sit on your shoulder. One persona being the light or good side and the other being the darker, more â€Å"evil† side. The soul becomes a battleground, where both sides clash heads at every opportunity in an endless struggle to gain dominance over the other. This is where Dr. Jekyll gets his tragic idea from: a potion that will separateShow MoreRelatedHow Does Stevenson Portray the Duality of Man in the Opening Chapters of ‘the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’?1845 Words   |  8 Pagesthe duality of man in the opening chapters of ‘The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’? Stevenson writes ‘The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ with the intention of showing the reader the duality of man and explores this through the juxtaposition of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. In this novella, Stevenson also uses the environment and setting of the story to represent the contrast between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. In the opening chapters of ‘The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’Read MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde : Literary Review1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: Literary Review The Romantic era was plagued with class conflict, poverty, and labor issues. The Victorian novel allows those who had access to them discover and focus on moral issues with society. Among the novel that were created during the era, the genre of a gothic novella emerged. Well knowns gothic novellas included Frankenstein, The Picture of Dorian Gray, and The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Robert Stevenson’s gothic novella The StrangeRead MoreJekyll And Hyde Character Analysis968 Words   |  4 PagesStrange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, explores the duality of human nature. He writes this novel to show us that humans have split personalities, and that there are two sides to human’s personality: good and evil. In the late-Victorian literature, duality appears to be a common theme; serving as a way for modern readers to analyze late-Victorian literature and culture. Stevenson weaves throughout the novel a theme of duality + which appears in the characters of bo th Jekyll and Hyde as well as inRead MoreStevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature 778 Words   |  3 PagesThis may be why the controversial issue of the duality of human nature has been found at the heart of many Victorian works. The theme of the duality of man can be found in the works of two famous English authors, Robert Louis Stevenson and Joseph Conrad. Stevenson and Conrad both incorporate the theme of the duality of human nature within their own novellas. Stevenson employs this theme throughout his novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and similarly Conrad employs this theme throughoutRead MoreTheme Of Innocence And Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1054 Words   |  5 Pages Duality Songs of Innocence Songs of Experience, by Blake, and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, by Stevenson, are two stories, which present a case of duality. At the beginning of each of these novels, the author presents two different extremes: Blake presents innocence and experience and Stevenson presents good and evil. In both of these novels, as the story progresses, their two extremes struggle to coexist and one ultimately dominates over the other. Both Songs of Innocence Songs of Experience andRead MoreDr Jekyll And Mr Hyde Duality Essay1502 Words   |  7 PagesIn the novel, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson provides insight into the inner workings of the duality that exists within humans. Dr. Jekyll is a well-respected doctor in his community while his differing personality Mr. Hyde is hideous and considered by the public as evil based on appearance. As the novel progresses Dr. Lanyon begins to investigate Mr. Hyde, he begins to realize similarities betw een both Mr. Hyde and Dr. Jekyll such as their handwriting which resultsRead MoreCharles Darwin to Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde1565 Words   |  7 PagesHow does Stevenson present duality in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde? Stevenson presents duality in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in various ways. One of these variations of the duality is among the minor characters, for example Utterson and Enfield. Their similarity is that they are both respectable Victorian gentlemen, that both like to discuss stories but they feel it is gossiping about their friend and say ‘let us make a bargain to never refer to this again’, this shows that they feel that they have overRead MoreDuality In Literature1347 Words   |  6 PagesDuality in Literature One of the main hobbies enjoyed by society today is reading. Classic works of literature and new pop culture novels are the basis of much of the discussion used in everyday life, and man is delving deeper into the novels known and loved. Dedicated readers are contemplating the purpose of this phrase in this chapter, why this word is used here, and what theme best expresses the author’s main idea. Probably the most popular theme in literature today is the use of duality. DualityRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1126 Words   |  5 PagesAs Robert Grudin said in _______, â€Å"there is an almost tragic duality between outer and inner worlds, between the rush of experience and the immobility of awareness†. Robert Louis Stevenson’s 1886 novel, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, brilliantly exemplifies the philosophical phenomenon that is the duality of human nature through the 2 main characters that coexist interdependently together, Hen ry Jekyll and Edward Hyde. According to Webster’s dictionary, the duplicity of human beingsRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Duality Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesIn literature, duality is anything that has two sides, mostly dealing with good and evil. Duality plays an important role in showing who the characters are and how the story occurs in many different books. Books in which duality plays a prominent role include Dr. Jekyll and Mrs.Hyde, Romeo and Juliet, and the Bible. Duality exists throughout the play Romeo and Juliet. The things characters say, the characters, and actions of the characters are ways duality exists in the play. For example,

greek Essay - 607 Words

When people think of ancient cultures and civilizations, they don’t think about the kind of influences they might have had on our society. One of those cultures having the most influence being Ancient Greece. The Ancient world of Greece is far from ancient in the arts, philosophies, ideas, architectures, governments, religions, and everyday life of the people in the latter half of the twentieth century. Come, discover and explore the civilization that forms the foundation of human history. Come, step into the ancient past. Those who have studied this ancient civilization under stand that what we are today is largely a result of the blueprints left by this culture. Greek civilization was rich in culture and a society which emphasized the†¦show more content†¦The fact that Greeks believed music and dance could strongly affect human behavior meant that it played an important part in all aspects of their everyday life. Giving them a wider range of ways to express their inner most beings. Another great way to express themselves was in their writing. In poetry and history Greek writers created masterpieces that have influenced and inspired readers to the present day. Like the developments in the physical arts, the development of the lyric poem was a sign of the times. It developed around the time that many Greek writers wanted to start expressing their own feelings, emotions, and opinions. Just as the sculptors and painters sought to understand their own bodies, the ancient writers wanted to reveal to us the workings of their heart. Other forms of literature were the first written records of human history. The development of their alphabet gave us a way to look back into history, find out the mistakes of ancient cultures, and find ways not to make them again. The other love this culture had was the love of wisdom. While the artist where exploring their bodies and the writers their hearts, the philosophers started to explore their minds and the universe. The notion of where people came from and how the universe was created plagued their minds every minute of their life. The early Greek philosophers studied everything from mathematics to the nature of theShow MoreRelatedGreek Religion : Ancient Greeks1704 Words   |  7 PagesAncient Greeks worshipped lots of different gods. They believed many gods appeared in human form and were provided with superhuman strength. The Greeks usually worshipped in sanctuaries located within the city or the country. A sanctuary was a well-defined sacred space set apart usually by an enclosure wall. They also worshipped in temples. Temples benefited from their natural surroundings, helping the expression of character divinities. The Greeks also had a Christian Orthodox church they used.Read MoreGreek Goddess And Greek Women874 Words   |  4 PagesThis review attempts to analyze the Greek goddess Athena as well as Greek women whose function in society contrasts with the roles of a goddess. This topic is of relevance to feminist’s who are smashing down barriers on stereotypes of women, this study attempts to shed some light to recognize the roles of Athena and Greek women. Past research has analyzed the differences between Greek women and Athena on how they contrast with responsibilities. What is often ignored is the complexity of both individualsRead MoreThe Religious Convictions Of The Greeks2684 Words   |  11 PagesDuring prehistoric times, the Greeks had outright and unquestionable admiration for their divine beings. They showed their reverence by putting set up numerous ceremonies and festivals to worship the divine beings that they adored to guarantee concordance with them. Specifically, the center will be on the religious convictions of the Greeks, including request to God and present, and also on celebrations and human expressions, for example, the old Olympic recreations and theater. These parts of theirRead More Greek History Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesGreek History The Ancient Greek civilization was located on the same land Greece is now, Ionian Islands, Asia Minor, South Italy, and Sicily. It is surrounded mountains and in the north by water. The Ionian and the Aegean seas, together with natural islands and bays, gave the Greeks the opportunity to develop their high level of commerce and their rich culture. The mountains, which surrounded Greece, gave them the advantage of being well protected. From earlier times, the Geeks lived in independentRead MorePerseus : Greek Mythology, And The Greeks1434 Words   |  6 PagesPerseus is from Greek mythology, and the Greeks put morals throughout their stories to teach the upcoming generation. The morals of these stories can still be learned from today. Although Perseus was known for slaying Medusa, he is also known for his acts of heroism and the influence of the morals taken from his story on the modern day world. Perseus was the son of Danae and Zeus. Danae s father was King Acrisius of Argos. And years before Perseus birth, he was foretold a prophecy which statedRead MoreGreek Mythology : Ancient Greeks1835 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction: The Ancient Greeks believed in many gods and heroes during their time. Each one had a sole purpose in a mortal’s lifetime. Greek mythology had a huge impact on religion in Ancient Greece. The Greeks performed rituals in order to honor their gods. Mythology affected the Ancient Greeks in many ways. The origins of mythology, the influences of mythology through a human’s lifetime and lessons taught in the ancient myths will be examined. Why Greek mythology was created Greek mythology was createdRead MoreGreek Art And Greek Objects Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pagesbelonged to the Greeks. Their heritage was so highly valued that it lived on even after they no longer ruled. The Greeks were some of the most innovative artists of their time and their work was so inherently beautiful that people from future cultures fell in love with it and decided to incorporate it into their own customs. The most famous group known for this was the Romans. After the Romans took over Greece, their love for its customs bloomed which resulted in many recreations of Greek art that areRead MoreGreek Mythology Of Greek Gods2349 Words   |  10 Pagesthem with wild berries and goat milk. Their significance is that they can be both wild and tamed creatures. 9. Dionysus has a good and an evil side because wine can be all fun and games but overused could be dangerous and terrible. It shows that the Greeks could both the good and bad sides of wine. 10. Demeter and Dionysus both show that the bond between mother and child is so strong that it would lead someone to go to extreme measures to keep the other safe. 11. Father heaven imprisoned his childrenRead MorePerseus : Greek Mythology, And The Greeks1434 Words   |  6 PagesPerseus is from Greek mythology, and the Greeks put morals throughout their stories to teach the upcoming generation. The morals of these stories can still be learned from today. Although Perseus was known for slaying Medusa, he is also known for his acts of heroism and the influence of the morals taken from his story on the modern day world. Perseus was the son of Danae and Zeus. Danae s father was King Acrisius of Argos. And years before Perseus birth, he was foretold a prophecy which statedRead MoreGreek Religion And The Greek Culture3445 Words   |  14 Pageselements that make up the Greek culture, one can see that their history of religion is vast. To understand the religious practices of the Ancient Greeks, we must first begin to examine the cultural practices. I will be describing Greek religion as it was practiced in the Archaic and Classical Period, which ranged around 800 B.C. to 323 B.C. When discussing the Classical Period we enter the realm of polytheism which has no attachment to church or body of dogma. Although the Greeks believed in multiple

System Thinking and Action Research Free Essays

string(258) " of change and knowledge outcomes versus community based participatory action research where those affected by the change and other important stakeholders participate in all stages of the research from design, implementation, and data gathering to analysis\." System Theory and Action Research Susan M Ross Dr. Tyler Zerwekh September 15, 2012 Abstract Public health practices and policies are largely influenced by the population involved and seek to improve the overall health of the public. Achieving success in systems thinking requires making strategic decisions about what processes will best achieve the public health goals. We will write a custom essay sample on System Thinking and Action Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now Systems Theory Information Technology Systems Theory evaluates the relationship between information systems, and information technology, and people. Action Research is used in the field of public health to alleviate adverse conditions in communities by addressing the determinants of health, community-wide interventions, and health promotion. Examples of Action Research evaluate the computer usage and health information technology and health collaboration groups as well as promotion of information health management techniques. An emphasis on relationship is the heart of systems orientation. Systems thinking involving humans require an understanding of the nature of the system and its dynamics requires and an understanding of the people involved and the interaction with each other in the applicable network of the system. Action Research is a participatory, democratic process concerned with developing practical knowledge in the pursuit of worthwhile human purposes, theory and practice, in participation with others in the pursuit of practical solutions to issues of pressing concern to people, and more generally the flourishing of individual persons and communities. Reason Bradbury, 2001). This paper will present a demonstration of a thorough analysis of a systems theory, action research, and an action research proposal to analyze the theory in relation to Caucasian socio-economic group. Systems Theory Fundamental systems-thinking perspectives and approaches that are shared across different fields are: (1) increased attention to how new knowledge is ained, managed, exchang ed, interpreted, integrated, and disseminated; (2) emphasis on a network-centric approach that encourages relationship-building among and between individuals and organizations across traditional disciplines and fields in order to achieve relevant goals and objectives; (3) the development of models and projections, using a variety of analytic approaches in order to improve strategic decision making; and (4) systems organizing in order to foster improvements in organizational structures and functions (Leischow, et. al, 2008). Achieving success in systems thinking requires making strategic decisions about what processes will best achieve the public health goals for the designated population and how new discoveries can be disseminated effectively, and what structures and functions are needed to deliver the new knowledge. Effective knowledge flow results in better network performance, which allow for the achievement of systems-level change. Systems organizing have evolved from traditional management theory to a learning organizational theory, or an adaptive-systems perspective within other systems environments. Information Technology Systems Theory Information Systems (IS) theory is de? ned as concepts that speculate on social and technical relationships between Information Technology, Information Systems and social outcomes. Much IS theory originated in other disciplines and has been re? ned or applied to examine IT/IS issues. IS theory would also be classified as to include the technology acceptance model (TAM) and structuration theory and IT productivity models as applied to IS/IT phenomena (Chiasson, Davidson,2004) . Over the past years public health systems have evolved significantly. As personal computers became more powerful and operating systems became more usable with the advent of Microsoft Windows, Computer information systems were updated to make use of more modern features, capabilities and software. Public health agencies began to recognize that information technology was a legitimate target for investment to improve their ability to perform core public health functions. As agencies began to upgrade replace or create new systems that were more robust and specialized using modern database management systems and tools on more reliable platforms, and the Internet began to come into its own. The Center for Disease Control promoted its first System wide area communication and system integration projects through its Information Network for Public Health Officials (INPHO) initiative in 1993. (Artz, Salkowitz, 2007). Computer technology moved fairly quickly from the glass confines of the dedicated computer room to the general-purpose office. Over the past thirty years standards for technology have become an important fixture of organizational computing life. Enforcement of standards also varies greatly depending on the political support for Information Technology (IT). As applications became more network-aware and network dependent, the need to leverage network investments became critical. Public health agencies became more ambitions as technology became more enabling. Computer Information Technology has a lot to offer Public Health agencies: existing data sets may be consolidated and population-based, including experiences negotiating data sharing agreements and memoranda of understanding. With advancing technology national and international standards are being quickly developed to guide this functionality. (Artz, Salkowitz, 2007). Standards with compliance for patient information data sharing among different agencies, and back-up systems in the event of system failure and crisis are also among the concerns for globalizing Information Systems. Action Research Action research is a collaborative approach to research that provides people with the means to take systematic action in an effort to resolve specific problems. Action research focuses on methods and techniques of investigation that take into account the study population’s history, culture, interactive activities and emotional lives. Although action research makes use of many traditional data-gathering strategies, its orientation and purpose are slightly different. The basic action research procedural routine involves four stages; (1) identifying the research question (s), (2) gathering the information to answer the questions (s), (3) analyzing and interpreting the information and (4) sharing the results with the participants (Berg, 2004). Action Research is used in the field of public health to alleviate adverse conditions in communities by addressing the determinants of health, community-wide interventions, and health promotion. Indeed, action research is less a methodology and more a set of guidelines for the roles of the researcher and collaborators, interweaving theory and action and the function of the research knowledge. There are many subtle variations and iterations of action research, but a gross distinction could be made between action research that is conducted by a researcher implementing an intervention at a community level for the dual purposes of change and knowledge outcomes versus community based participatory action research where those affected by the change and other important stakeholders participate in all stages of the research from design, implementation, and data gathering to analysis. You read "System Thinking and Action Research" in category "Essay examples" Participatory action research approaches often have the additional goal of promoting critical consciousness where through cyclical stages of dialogue participants attain a greater understanding of their situation, which in turn may result in political or major social change (Mullett, Fletcher, 20). Critics of Participatory Action Research (PAR) have questioned whether the reality of participatory research is ideal for promoting a healthy community. The language of participation in health promotion research, and the inattention to gender, social and cultural (as in the use of universal terms like â€Å"the oppressed†) differences in participation in research processes do not always comport with the outcome values of PAR. Further, while participatory approaches can stimulate capacity building and community development, they can also bring unequal players to an uneven table to participate in difficult predetermined decision making (Minkler, 2000). Action research also called participatory research is an alternative philosophy of social research. Three particular attributes are often used to distinguish participatory research from conventional research: shared ownership of research projects, community-based analysis of social problems, and an orientation toward community action. Critical action research expresses a commitment to bring together broad social analysis—the self-reflective collective self-study of practice, the way in which language is used, organization and power in a local situation, and action to improve things. Critical action research is strongly represented in the literatures of educational action research, and there it emerges from dissatisfactions with classroom action research that typically does not take a broad view of the role of the relationship between education and social change. Critical action research has attempted to take account of disadvantage attributable to gender and ethnicity as well as to social class in its initial point of reference (Kimmis, McTaggart, 2007). Examples of Action Research Lau and Hayward (1997) used an action research approach in a study to explore the structure of Internet-based collaborative work groups. Over a two-year period, the researchers participated as facilitators in three action research cycles of problem-solving among approximately 15 instructors and project staff, and 25 health professionals from various regions striving to make a transition to a more community-based health program. The aim was to explore how Internet-based communications would influence their evolution into a virtual collaborative workgroup. The first phase was taken up with defining expectations, providing the technology and developing the customized workgroup system. The next phase saw the full deployment of the system, and the main lesson learned was that the steepness of the learning curve was severely underestimated, with frustrations only minimally satisfied by a great deal of technical support provided by telephone. The final cycle saw the stabilization of the system and the emergence of the virtual groups. The interpretations of the study suggest that role clarity, relationship building, information sharing, resource support, and experiential learning are important aspects in virtual group development. There was also a sense that more research was needed on how group support systems can help groups interact with their external environment, as well as on how to enhance the process of learning by group members. Comstock and Fox (1995) have written about their experiences in integrating computer conferencing into a learning community for mid-career working adults attending a Graduate Management Program at Antioch University in Seattle. Their findings relate to establishing boundaries to interaction, creating a caring community, and building collaborative learning. Students were expected to use the system for collaborative learning using three forms of conversation – dialogue, discussion and critical reflection. Dialogues were enjoined as a result of attempts to relate classroom lessons to personal situations at work, with a better understanding provided by multiple opinions. Discussions, distinguished by the goal of making a group decision or taking an action, required a fair degree of moderation, insofar as participants found it difficult to reach closure. The process of reflecting critically on ideas was also difficult – participants rarely took the time to analyze postings, preferring a more immediate, and more superficial, conversational style. The authors conclude with four recommendations: 1) be clear about the purpose of the computer conference and expectations for use; 2) develop incentives for widespread and continuous participation; 3) pay attention to affects of the software on the way the system is used for learning; and 4) teach members of the community how to translate face-to-face collaborative processes to the on-line environment (Reason, Bradbury, 2001). Action Research Proposal The Affordable Care Act calls for a greater reliance on the internet as a means of communicating health and coverage information, yet variations in the current usage of the internet by some populations have important implications for implementation. Based on the results of The Washington Post, the Kaiser Family Foundation, and Harvard University Race and Recession  Survey(2011),  six in 10 adults overall say they have ever used the Internet to access health information, and access differs by race and  income. Forty-three percent of Hispanics report having ever used the Internet to access health information, while 56 percent of blacks and 65 percent of whites report doing so. The differences are even more striking among those with lower incomes. Just three in ten Hispanics with incomes under $40,000 say they have ever used the Internet to access health information, compared with 44 percent of blacks and half of whites with similar incomes. More than 70 000 websites disseminate health information; in excess of 50 million people seek health information online, with likely consequences for the health care system. The Internet offers widespread access to health information, and the advantages of interactivity, information tailoring and anonymity. However, access is inequitable and use is hindered further by navigational challenges due to numerous design features (e. g. disorganization, technical language and lack of permanence). Increasingly, critics question the quality of online health information; limited research indicates that much is inaccurate. Meager information-evaluation skills add to consumers’ vulnerability, and reinforce the need for quality standards and widespread criteria for evaluating health information (Kline, Haynes, 2001). An action research project evaluating the effects of the information technology theory on Caucasians over a period of time would be helpful in providing evidence based research for the Information Technology Systems Theory. The research project would review a group of Caucasian males and females in the same age range, the same level of computer skills and education. The focus of the research is to determine if the majority of access to healthcare was through the use of Information Technology would it create a healthier group then a group with minimal access to healthcare period. The group would be evaluated for a year. During the time frame the group would have an in-person visit with a doctor once every six months except for an emergency. The visit would include a complete physical and required wellness checks. Follow-up visits would be via Skye or video-conferencing. The group would be deemed physically and mentally fit excluding family history of health issues. The group would be given a pass to a fitness center for a year to maintain their health, and would have to maintain contact with a nutritionist and their physician via the computer e-mail o a regular basis. The group would also have access to the Internet anytime they want for the evaluation time. The rest of the environmental and social aspects would be determined by each participate of the research project, meaning that each participates could be local or global as long as there is consistent monitoring of the all of the participates. The evaluation would incorporate Action Research and Critical Action research as some instances would take into account the social economic status of the participants. Given that the largest percentage of whites used the computer and there is a large portion of people that lack access to healthcare in all races. Minimizing variables, such as computer knowledge and education levels and providing all necessary tools to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Researchers would have options to focus the variable changes if there are any on the social economic condition of the individual participants. In conclusion Systems thinking involving humans require an understanding of the nature of the system and its dynamics requires and an understanding of the people involved and the interaction with each other in the applicable network of the system. Public health agencies began to recognize that information technology was a legitimate target for investment to improve their ability to perform core public health functions. Computer Information Technology has a lot to offer Public Health agencies: existing data sets may be consolidated and population-based, including experiences negotiating data sharing agreements and memoranda of understanding. Action research approaches can stimulate capacity building and community development in designated social status groups if the focus is correctly designated. References Arzt, N. H. Salkowitz, S. M (2007), Evolution of public health information systems: Enterprise-wide approaches, p4-6, 11-13, 18-22. Berg, B. L. , (2004), Qualitative research methods for the social sciences, retrieved on August 23, 2012, from http://digilib. bc. edu/reserves/sc210/piat/sc21007. pdf Chaisson, M. W. , Davidson, E. , (2004), Pushing the contextual envelope: developing and diffusing IS theory for health informat ion systems research, Elsevier Ltd. pg 157, retrieved on September 13, 2012, from http://www. butlercommonplace. org/thoughts/images/d/d0/Chiasson_et_al_2004__Info_and_Org. df Comstock, D. , ; Fox, S. , (1995),  Ã‚   Computer conferencing in a learning community: opportunities obstacles. †Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www. seattleantioch. edu/VirtualAntioch/DRAFT7HT. HTM (14/04/1998). Kemmis, S. , McTaggart, R, (2007), Participatory action research, Communicative action and the public sphere, retrieved on September 13, 2012, from http://www. corwin. com/upm-data/21157_Chapter_10. pdf Cline, R. J. W. , Haynes, K. M. , (2001) Consumer health information seeking on the Internet: the state of the art, Oxford Journals, Volume, 16, Issue 6, pp671-692, etrieved on September 13, 2012, from http://her. oxfordjournals. org/content/16/6/671. long Lau, F. , and Hayward, F. (1997). â€Å"Structuration of Internet-based collaborative work groups through action research. Retrieved on September 13, 201 2 from   http://search. ahfmr. ab. ca/tech_eval/gss. htm (11/4/1998). Leischow, S. J (2008), Systems thinking to improve the public’s health, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, retrieved on September 9, 2012, from http://dccps. nci. nih. gov/brp/scienceteam/ajpm/SystemsThinkingImprovePublicsHealth. pdf. Mullett, J. Fletcher, S. , (2011), Action research in public health, Oxford Index, retrieved on September 13, 2012, from http://oxfordindex. oup. com/view/10. 1093/obo/9780199756797-0018 Minkler, M. , (2000) Using participatory action research to build healthy communities, Public health reports, Focus on healthy communities. Retrieved on September 13, 2012, from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC1308710/pdf/pubhealthrep00022-0089. pdf Reason, P. , ; Bradbury, H. (2001). Handbook of action research: participative inquiry and practice. London: SAGE. Retrieved on September 7, 2012 How to cite System Thinking and Action Research, Essays

Strategic Management for Analysis of Tesco †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Describe about the Strategic Management for Analysis of Tesco. Answer: Introduction The report mainly starts with the mission, vision and the value of the company. The external analysis of the report includes the political, economical, technological, environmental and the legal factors that affect Tesco. The five forces of Poster have also been explained in the report, along with different types of resources that are available and used to work towards achieving the goal of the company. The report also provides an overview about its generic strategies with the help of the Strategic clock. The strategies are identified and described with the help of the strategic management that is mainly carried by the managers in order to achieve better performance. This report provides an overview about the company Tesco and its strength as well as weaknesses. Strategic Purpose Mission, Vision and Value: Mission: to be the champion for customers, helping them to enjoy a better quality of life and an easier way of living (Tarata, 2013) The vision statement of the company determines the aspiration view of the company. The vision statement provides a standard that a company desires to achieve. Tesco is the company, which is mainly built around the consumers and the colleagues. The vision statement of Tesco is that it wants its business to be highly valued by the customers they mainly serve as well as the community in which they function. Figure 1: The TESCO (Freelogovectors,2012) (Source: Freelogovectors.net 2012) The management, which is associated with Tesco, recognizes the fact that the missions, vision as well as the values are important for the success of the company. Strategic Statements and functional objectives of the company The future plans and the direction of the company are provided by the strategic statement of a company. A strategy of a company should be a merged with positive actions on the part of leaders to progress the market position of the company and monetary position and reactions to predictable developments and fresh market conditions. The functional objective of Tesco includes the fact Tesco wants to become a pleasing place to work where the workers should get a chance of being themselves. Its main objective is to expand the company with the sale of the organic products. External analysis Macro Environment of Tesco Political factors The performance of the company, Tesco is greatly influenced by its political factors. The factor, which determines the performance of the company, includes the rate of tax, the act of legislation as well as the constancy of the country in which the company operates. The governments are known to persuade the retailers in order to generate employment due to the ongoing instability. However, Tesco plays a significant role in generating jobs for the individuals, which in turn increases the demand for the products produced by the company (Srdjevicet al. 2012). For example UK exist from the EU, will affect the companys work force as visa restriction would come in soon. Economic factors It was reported that in the year 2009 the growth rate of Tesco was below 10 percent due to the financial crisis that in turn made all the customers cash rigorous. However, not in spite of all this company incurred any loss. The key reason for the success of the company was the strategy that included both internalization as well as diversification. For example unemployment rate, this will affect spending power and in turn affect the revenue and profitability of Tesco. Figure 2: The Macro Environment (Source: Li et al 2014) Social factors As per the report, most of the customers in the UK has shifted to one-stop shopping due to the changes in the social habits as well as the culture. As a result, Tesco has increased the variety of non-food items, which are offered for sale. Tesco is mainly focusing on the social changes, which includes ready to cook and eat. For example, age will be the main demographic issue as Tesco will need to consider age when marketing there different products and plan for future market change. Technological factors- The progression in the technology has influenced Tesco to incorporate new prospects. One of the advancement in the technology includes the introduction of the online shopping that makes possible the free home delivery. The other advancement includes the self-service checkout point, which in turn provides both effortlessness and expediency to the customers. As a result, Tesco has invested an enormous amount on the project related energy efficiency (Dhakal 2012). Ecological factors - It has been clearly committed by Tesco that the company will minimize the carbon footprint by 50 percent by the year 2020. Legal factors The legal factors that include the policies of the government, which in turn affects the performance of the company. For Example, The law that includes the National Minimum Wage Act 1998 that will deal with the performance of the company. (Ndungu2014) The threats of the company One of the most common threats of the company is the increasing cost of the raw materials that in turn impacts the overall margin of the profit. The opportunities of the company Tesco should mainly focus on the augmentation of the sales of the non-food items (Dudovskiy 2016). Example the products related to health and beauty. Porters five forces of analysis The five forces of analysis of Porter help to determine the extent of the overall competition of the company. Threat of new competitors In the food retail industry, the threats of the new entrants are low, however Tesco needs to undergo a huge investment of capital in order to ascertain a brand name. The most important brands which have already captured the food retail market and can prove to be a threat for Tesco are ASDA, Sainsbury and Morrison (E. Dobbs 2014).also the likes of LIDL and ALDI. The bargaining power of the buyers In the case of the food retail industry the bargaining power of the buyers are substantially The bargaining power of the suppliers In the case of the suppliers, the bargaining power is relatively low. As a result, Tesco is benefited as the negotiations are positive. Threat of Substitute and foodstuffs - The menace of substitutes in the food retail market like Tesco is noticeably low for food items and average to elevate for non-food items (Arline 2015). Rivalry among the existing firms The rivalry among the existing firms in the food retail market is significantly high and as a result, Tesco faces a powerful competition from its competitors. The competitors in this case are ASDA, Sainsbury and Morrison. Internal Analysis Resources The human resources of Tesco are responsible for hiring people in order to execute the activities in the company. The main objective of the human resource is to recruit the workers and they are also responsible for their dismissal. They mainly aim to hire the individuals with high quality and are also responsible for maintaining them. Tesco operates in more than 11 countries with almost 476,000 employees. As per the reports, the total number of employees in United Kingdom is 315,829 and in Asia the numbers of employees employed are 96,471. Out of the total workers, 88 percent of the workers are employed on the part time basis. There is total of11 top management in Tesco. The financial resources are mainly concerned with the capacity of the business to finance the chosen policy of the business. The policies include the investment in new products as well as the distribution channels. These policies of Tesco needs to managed from the finance view point. The financial statements of TESCO from the year 2013 to 2016 are as follows: 2013 2014 2015 2016 Financial l statistics (m) UK ROI 38,228m 37,189m International 10,678m 10,208m Tesco Bank 1,044m 1,021m 1,003m 947m Group revenue (exc. fuel) 49,853m 48,352m Revenue UK ROI 45,062m 43,080m International 10,916m 10,398m Tesco Bank 1,044m 1,021m 1,003m 947m Group revenue 63,916m 63,406m 63,557m 56,925m Operating profit before exceptional items UK ROI 498m 505m International 254m 277m Tesco Bank 188m 162m Group operating profit before exceptional items 940m 944m Operating profit margin before exceptional items 1.7% 1.7% Operating profit/ (loss) UK ROI (5,334) 599 International (569) 286 Tesco Bank 153 161 Group operating profit 4,182 2,382 2,631 (5,750) Share of post-tax profits/ (losses) of joint ventures and associates 91 72 60 (13) Net finance costs (397) (432) (571) Profit/ (loss) before tax 4,038 2,057 2,259 (6,334) Taxation (874) (529) (347) 670 Profit/ (loss) for the year from continuing operations 3,164m 1,528m 1,912m (5,664) Discontinued operations (350) (1,504) (942) (102) Profit/ (loss) for the year 2,814 24 970 (5,766) Attributable to: Owners of the parent 2,806 28 974 (5,741) The broad ranges of the operational resources, which are mainly concerned with the physical capability, are categorized under the physical resources. The VRIN model used by Tesco is categorized in the following way: Valuable The resources can be a source of competitive advantage if they are able to bring value to Tesco. Rare In order to provide a competitive advantage to the firm, the resources needs to deliver a unique strategy (Talaja 2012). Inimitable If the competing firms are not able to obtain the resources in that case the resources will become the sources of sustained competitive advantage. Non-substitutable The resources are strategically important if two resources can be used separately. Physical resources: There are a total of 6,849 stores of Tesco in the worldwide basis. There are 2,348 numbers of factories in Tesco. There are three types of franchisee associated with Tesco. It includes the Telecom Franchisee, one stop, Carlisle. The core competency of Tesco is that it is a customer-focused strategy. Tesco has introduced a club card reward scheme that allows the company to collect and analyze their targeted customers. Tesco uses the information and adapt their services to the local market, thus adding value to the customer experience. Business function of the company The basic function of Tesco is mainly done by Human resource where Tesco needs to recruit the individuals who will be responsible for carrying out some vital activities. Once Tesco becomes successful in finding the correct individual, they will be able to meet the requirements of the customers. Another basic function of the company is to administer that is to fix the problem over the phone, which is mainly done by the ICT department (Yassleeman 2014).The staffs are mainly managed with the help of the HR. department mainly offers benefits such as childcare vouchers as well as pension to the staffs. The finance and the accounts department manage the revenue and the cost. Figure: The organizational chart of the company Tesco (Source: profile, 2011) The Marketing function is mainly responsible for promoting the goods as well as the services that is mainly offered by making the customers aware of them. In the sales department, the staffs related are responsible for selling within the store and the telesales staffs sells the product over the phone. The types of internal communication that is used by Tesco includes intranet which is accessible to each and every employee. The employees mainly keep the email conversation copy for reference. Tesco also organizes meeting in which the workers are free to share their thoughts which in turn helps the company to grow (Quirke2012). Figure: The organizational chart of the company Tesco (Source: Created by Author) Basis of competitive strategy There are three generic strategies, which include market segmentation, product differentiation as well as the cost leadership. This strategy helps to provide the overview about how Tesco will provide its customers with what they desire at a better price (Simister 2016) Figure 3: The Bowmans Strategic Clock (Source: Mindtools.com, 2016) Position 1: Low value/Low price Mostly the companies avoid being in this position and this position is also referred to as the bargain basement bin. The only way Tesco can make it is by attracting new customers by incorporating cost effective selling volume. The product of Tesco ranges from Tesco value items to the Tesco Finest range that appeals the social groups. Position 2: Low PriceThe low cost leaders of a company generally compete in this category. The companies mainly drive down the prices of the products in order to bare minimum profit. Position 3: Hybrid price The companies like Tesco follow this strategy as the interesting companies mainly follow it. Tesco mainly offers their products at a low cost; however, they supply that product, which has a higher professed value compared to the low cost competitors. The customers are thus assured of the prices and the company becomes successful in building a reputation as they offer the goods at a reasonable price. Position 4: Differentiation With the help of this Strategic clock, the company will keep the price of the product low in order to seek a greater share of the market. Position 5: Focused Differentiation - The expensive product that has a higher professed value as well as higher price mainly follows focused differentiation. The customers based on professed value purchase the products. As a result, the product does not have any more real value. Position 6: Increased Price With the help of this strategy, Tesco increases the price of its products and as a result, it enjoys a higher rate of profit. However, in the case of the opposite situation, the company faces a loss in their market share and they need to make a modification to their price or cost. But as a company it hardly ever go into this stage Position 7: High Price/Low Value This position is followed when Tesco undergoes a monopoly pricing. However, Tesco does have competitors and it needs to focus on the price of its product. As a result of this Tesco tries not to operate in this level Position 8: Low Value/Standard Price In this case, there is no product in Tesco that fits in this part. Strategic Choice Ansoffs Matrix The Ansoffs Matrix mainly focuses on the current and the probable products of the company. The Ansoffs Matrix is shown below with the help of the table. Existing Products New Products Existing Market Market Penetration Product Development New Markets Market Development Diversification Market Penetration Tesco will seek to attain growth with their existing goods in their present market subdivision thus with the objective to augment the share of the market. The market penetration will help to secure dominance of growth markets and Restructure a mature market by driving out competitors and Increase usage by existing customers (Thijsen et al. 2014). New Product Development Tesco will develop new products that will be mainly targeted to its obtainable market segment. With the help of the New Product Development, Tesco will be able to export its product to the country it desires. (Hussain et al. 2013). New Market DevelopmentTesco will search for growth by targeting the existing products to the existing segment of the market. Example could be the health and beauty range Diversification Tesco will grow by expanding into new businesses by increasing new products for new markets. Example taxis in each local store. As they do have a home delivery service some of its customers wants to buy and take home immediately, and this is an avenue to make more revenue. Ansoffs Matrix (Market Penetration Strategy) The market penetration strategy helps to drive out the competitors as well as dominate the growth of the market. It also increases the usage of the customers.as Tesco is one of the largest retailers with a very high foot flow in majority of its stores and the Tesco express strategically positioned in most town centers, it has an edge over competitors like ASDA and can make full use of this. Suitability Market penetration is suitable as with the help of it, Tesco will be able to reduce their order processing times as well as display the entire portfolio of the product. Acceptability Market penetration is acceptable as Tesco will be able to share the growth of the market and be able improve the customer loyalty. Feasibility Market penetration is feasible in the sense that Tesco will be able to have various different formats of store outlets in diverse countries. Conclusion: PESTEL and Porters5 forces have shown that Tesco is one of the major retailers in the UK with a grocery market share of 27.9 per cent. Tesco first utilized the online sales channel with a high level of competency. In order to make the most of their strengths the company should continue to implement the online sales channel successfully. The company should also make a strong property portfolio, which in turn, will increase the overall value of the company. The high dependence of the company on the UK market affects the share of the market. 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